Racial Discrimination Essay -- English Literature

Racial Discrimination Racial separation is appeared all through the book, To execute a mockingbird. During separation, numerous specific individuals got injured during the hours of the downturn. In this book, Tom Robinson was prodded of and victimized in light of the fact that he was dark. Scout Finch is the storyteller of the book. Jem is her sibling, and the dad is Atticus Finch, the father and the city knowing legal advisor. This book is set during the downturn, so it is somewhat difficult for individuals to live with experiencing this timespan. Numerous individuals are harmed and very severely beaten as a result of the time that individuals ordinarily didn't care for blacks and a few times they didn't care for whites on occasion. The writer of To slaughter a mockingbird, is Harper lee, whose book shows the tough situations of friendship and initiative all through to slaughter a mockingbird, which shows how individuals are dealt with and how they act about being beat up. She additionally attempts to show how individuals have so impractical notions that would simply be excruciating to another person yet they despite everything think it is cool since they realize that they ought not be living with a dark individual or a white individual. The greater part of the partiality that occur in this book rotates around the Tom Robinson assault case. This book is set in Maycomb, Alabama. Racial separation turns into a major factor in to execute a mockingbird. Individuals said that he existed yet jem and I had never observed him. There are four sorts of people in this world, Blacks, Ewells, Cunningham's, also, the finches and the neighbors. Miss Caroline says to scout that, your dad doesn't have a clue how to instruct. That is separation by simply speculating that scouts father doesn't have a clue how to be an instructor. Tom Robinson realized that he was guiltless thus did Atticus yet ... ... a hard work on the grounds that the majority of the individuals in maycomb district and the area's everything accept that blacks are awful and they ought to be rebuffed for their race. This is genuine on the grounds that individuals in the city accept that blacks are awful for the network and they ought to must be placed in prison in the event that they are blamed and they probably won't be liable, however they are as yet tossed in prison due to the outside appearance shade of their skin. Telling individuals in maycomb at times shows racial jokes while blacks are narrow minded individuals, and they should simply be placed in prison for being childish. I would prefer not to consistently be singled out in light of the fact that what shade of my skin I was, or if individuals to offer racial remarks that perhaps I am little, or as they don't care for my racial foundation. I despite everything accept that individuals everywhere throughout the world should simply meet up and share what they know about racial segregation.

Film journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Film diary - Essay Example After a period Miranda starts to feel a level of shamefulness in her life; as a reaction she acts in misshaped ways. She drinks bourbon and actuates a significant contention with Jessica. At last, Miranda gets a call about being recruited for an occupation. In any case, she can’t reestablish her wrecked relationship with Jessica. Filling in as a chief of photography: My job in this movie was as executive of photography (DOP). Going into the venture I knew that the executive of photography, or the cinematographer, is to a great extent liable for the creative photography inside the film. Which means ‘writing with motion’, â€Å"...cinematography is more than the negligible demonstration of photography. It is the way toward taking thoughts, activities, passionate subtext, tone and every other type of non-verbal correspondence and rendering them in visual terms† (Brown, 2002, p. ix). Inside this setting of seeing, much can be gained from the hypotheses and prac tices utilized by original executives of photography. One such thought is the methods utilized by cinematographers operating at a profit and white period. Studio lighting from this period has generally been actualized to make a credible or naturalistic impact in contemporary true to life creation. In my own exploration I completely investigated messages on lighting, just as took an interest in observational assessment of crafted by explicit cinematographers. In cross examining cinematography in this particular work I dissected state of mind, and the characters and subtext that the executive needed to make. The executive showed that he needed to make a naturalistic climate. At last, we chose to utilize lighting as a methods for narrating and explaining inner character enthusiastic states. After a broad discussion with the chief, we built up that the essential capacity of the lighting ought to be as a methods for showing the fundamental character’s sensational changes. As Miran da battles to get a new line of work and her relationship with her little girl disintegrates the film lighting dynamically becomes darker. The story happens over a time of four days; we perceived that the days ought to exhibit contrasts in lighting, with the second and third dynamically darker, however the splendid forward day of expectation. This style of lighting was built up in the primary scene and foreshadowed later story advancements. The principal scene comprises of three shots. In the primary show, Miranda is appeared by the window; in the second shot she is a degree farther away from the window; in the third shot she is even dad away. The aim was to make her face brilliant in the primary shot as she is near the window, so the light all over was over-uncovered. In the subsequent shot, as she moves from window, which was a wellspring of light, the light all over get darker. At long last, in the third shot, as she is sitting alone behind the table and her face is somewhat dim, I made the light all over under-uncovered. Another conspicuous thought was daytime lighting. The chief and I consented to utilize delicate light for the daytime, as it tends to be utilized as cloudy climate. Outstandingly, the executive didn’t need to utilize any reasonable lighting during the day. I additionally chose to utilize delicate and solid encompassing lighting for the entire room. As a methods for actualizing this methodology I partitioned the regular lighting originating from the window, just as the fake light that was professing to originate from the window. In

E-commerce on social media free essay sample

The structure of sites is progressively consolidating expressive gestures like accommodation and nature, particularly in online business sites with the essential target of encouraging the trade relationship (Adapa, 2008). This draws on the suspicion that expressive gestures in sites summon a social reaction from the guests of the sites, which thusly prompts happiness. Therefore, clients tend to disparage energizing, engaging and invigorating sites. Studies assert that absence of item contact and association with hierarchical agents may hinder the acknowledgment of and uplifting perspectives toward online business (Ahasanul, Khatib, Shameem, 2009). Significant levels of associations with web based business products and authoritative delegates may build inspirational mentalities towards electronic trade, which thusly assumes a necessary job in affecting the choices to utilize online business frameworks. Web based business studies led in 2009 revealed that online customers have an inclination of an intelligent internet shopping experience since they thought of it as increasingly enlightening (Mehdi, 2011). This infers online customers are probably going to make a buy from a site that has intuitive segments consolidated as meaningful gestures. We will compose a custom exposition test on Internet business via web-based networking media or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This exploration paper examines the impacts of internet based life on Australia web based business. The Pervasive impacts of Social Media on Australian E-Commerce An examination by Wakefield et al (2011) revealed the consideration of social signs in a site prompts more noteworthy convictions with respect to their client aims, pleasure, saw handiness, and saw convenience. The derivation from this view is that internet based life will in general make the site agreeable, enlightening and supportive, which improves the probability that such clients will make a buy from that site. The investigation by Wakefield et al (2011) further expressed that site socialness will in general summon a successful social reaction from the clients of internet business sites. This is on the grounds that clients partner site social intimations with life-like characteristics, for example, invitingness, instructive, handiness, supportiveness, amiability and knowledge. The key statement is that user’s view of website’s amiability is a center component in approach utilized in clarifying and anticipating social expectations in electronic trade (Dunt Harper, 2002). As a relationship, clients compare the consideration of internet based life in the online business sites to advanced agents. Internet business sites having colossal meaningful gestures set up efficiencies for business endeavors through a decrease of vagueness and upgrading proceeding with associations with clients, providers and colleagues. It is evident that sites installed with expressive gestures make a social reaction from the clients of the online business site prompting significant levels of delight when utilizing the webpage since they accept that meaningful gestures in sites are agreeable, daring and energizing (Wakefield et al. , 2011). There is a constructive relationship between's charming site understanding and higher expectations of utilizing the webpage, which thus builds their own association with the online retailers. Such close to home associations offer an important open door that online retailers can use to build up reasonable upper hand. Wakefield et al (2011) declares that electronic retailers targeting upgrading shopper consideration and buying must assess the social parts of the web. Internet based life Eliminates Barriers to Personal Interaction The present programming and equipment utilized for individual cooperation with web based retailing sites target concurrent gathering of online customers rather than the person. This is a critical boundary to individual correspondence disposed of by the incorporation of online networking in the web retailing destinations (Town, 1999). Independent of the shopping inspiration, shopping conduct doesn't really mean a wonderful shopping experience or the buying conduct. This is a normal trait of web retailing locales coming up short on the social perspectives in their plan. Fennech Tino (2010) affirms that a definitive pretended by the joining of online networking in web retailing locales is that it prompts elevated levels of client retail fulfillment at an individual level. This draws on the view that the shopping direction of an individual is the huge determinant of the earth chose to participate in the shopping movement and their general retail fulfillment (Tino O’Cass, 2001). An investigation by Tino O’Cass (2001), to look at the develops that influence web users’ reception of web retailing and their observation towards item types purchased by means of the web, showed that demeanor towards electronic retailing and saw value assumed a fundamental job in impacting the appropriation ofâ web retailing. The investigation demonstrated that ideal mentality brought about high appropriation of web retailing, while negative perspectives came about in under-use of web retailing structures. Tino O’Cass (2001) called attention to that absence of individual correspondence and cooperation is the key determinant that separates among positive and troublesome mentalities, which infers that web retailing locales without individual specializ ed apparatuses detailed low degrees of client retail fulfillment. It is clear that internet based life assumes a necessary job in wiping out boundaries to individual association in web retailing locales, which thusly helps in expanding client retailing fulfillment. Also, web based life assumes an essential job in building trust of web retailing among web clients, this is on the grounds that clients place more prominent noteworthiness on relational impact from sources like friend bunches when settling on such a choice (Sujana, 2011). The essential deduction from this perception is that the fuse of online life in electronic trade causes in wiping out boundaries to individual cooperation and correspondence, which thusly builds the use of electronic business among Australian web clients. In that capacity, online retailers can consolidate web based life in their retailing destinations to assemble trust from the potential web customers. Internet based life has the capability of expanding the quantity of web customers, producing rehash buys and encouraging inspirational perspectives towards the utilization of web based retailing in Australia. Tino O’Cass (2001) declares that internet based life is a key driver for the appropriation of web retailing and disposing of the potential hindrances related with the use of web retailing. Accordingly, online retailers can utilize web based life to build up and expands their piece of the pie in the online condition since web based life is an ideal instrument for upgrade online perceivability. Internet based life presents another retailing opportunity that online advertisers can use to impact mentalities and convenience of their retailing destinations (Stephens, 2010). Web based life and electronic verbal (eWOM) According to Mira Youn (2009), informal exchange is an occasion of relational correspondence identifying with wares and items between buyers. Mira Youn (2009) considers verbal exchange as the most powerful source data for buyers since purchasers have an elevated level of trust towards their friend customers than the trust they have for sponsors and advertisers (Sia et al. , 2009). Verbal exchange isn't subject to advertisers selling intentions’, inferring that customers consider such data solid and dependable. Research examines confirm the powerful idea of informal exchange on consumers’ choices and buying practices. WOM is progressively getting critical with the appearance of the web, taking various structures, for example, item survey sites, brands’ sites, individual online journals and interpersonal interaction destinations. The expansion in eWOM stages has encouraged customer correspondence regarding item related data. An investigation by Mira Youn (2010) brought up that the different eWOM stages assumed a basic job in impacting consumers’ buying choices. The continuous development of blog locales and informal communication force critical consequences for brands and their individual promoting. It is progressively turning out to be clear that purchasers are examining items and brands by means of long range informal communication destinations, for example, Facebook and Google+, which arrive at a critical level of web clients. The effects of internet based life can happen in three points of view including item evaluations and survey, exposure of client encounters, and consistent advancement (Rafaeli Raban, 2005). Most parts of electronic informal appear as internet based life, for example, conversation sheets and other online correspondence stages. Studies insist that that electronic informal assumes a vital job in affecting the selection and utilization of wares and administrations, which infers that eWOM impacts shopper conduct of web retailers. It is progressively turning out to be obvious that eWOM is turning into a critical segment of the advertising blend since they decide the purchasing choices received by online shoppers (Joey, 2002). The major contention is that web based life, through eWOM, assumes a fundamental job in the foundation of a PC interceded condition, whereby the buying choices of shoppers rely upon the apparent nature of data they get. At the point when customers get the data that address appears to meet their issues and prerequisites, they are eager to censure the item/administration esteem basing on the rules for the buying choice (Dunt Harper, 2002). This infers online markers need to decide the customers’ knowledge of data quality on the web, which helps in evaluating their latent capacity buying conduct. Market

A Poison Tree Poem by William Blake

James Joyces Araby - Analysis of Araby :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

James Joyce's Araby   â â â â In James Joyce's short story Araby, a few distinctive miniaturized scale cosms are apparent. The story exhibits pre-adulthood, development, and open life in Dublin around then. As the peruser, you figure out how this city has developed to annihilate this little youngster's life and trusts, and make the individual that he is as a storyteller.  â â â â In Araby, the develop storyteller and not the credulous kid is the story's protagonist.(Coulthard) Throughout the story this is handily appeared, particularly at the point when it alludes to the hour when the Christian Brothers' school set the young men free.(Joyce 2112) Although they were liberated, they were put into a similarly dismal world, where not play brought pleasure.(Coulthard) Joyce illustrates this culture by indicating a kid's affection for a young lady all through the story. This youthful kid, is totally bewildered by this young lady, yet toward the end, the young lady is supplanted by the young lady with an English articulation going to the stall at the bazaar. This shows the force and enticement that England has around then over Dublin.   â â â â The foe in this story, which can without much of a stretch be resolved is the culture and life in Dublin. This greatly affects the kid and the remainder of the individuals from this city. Dublin is alluded to as the focal point of paralyses,(Internet) and in fact sterile.(Joyce) This assumes an immense job in the shaping of this present kid's life, where there is unpleasant. Araby is a story of a soul-wilting Irish parsimony, which renders expectations and dreams not just stupid, however sinful.(Coulthard) In the story, the main thing that the little youngster needs to anticipate is purchasing something for the young lady he adores, and at long last he can't do that; and by making the last characters English, the story leaves an effect on the peruser about the Dublin society. It shows the opponent of the story to be a harsh Dublin culture.(Coulthard)   â â â â Through this symbolic piece, the peruser can comprehend the cruel life that individuals are compelled to manage in Dublin society. The storyteller has become disillusioned as opposed to smarter, which was his fate from the first for craving

Trying New Things

Trying New Things Many people have been surprised to learn that up until about three weeks ago, I had never had a Dorito (or as I call it, a flavored tortilla chip). It’s pretty shocking, but up until the past month, I had also never tried sushi or ground beef. Yup. I never had Doritos or hamburgers until my senior year of college. I cant believe Ive been missing out on this juicy goodness. I’ve always been a picky eater, and I grew up vegetarian. Meat has never, and will never, been the main part of my diet, but its nice to enjoy once in a while. I remember all the first times I had different meats â€" a chicken tender after school in 3rd grade, a hot dog at a school picnic in 6th grade, and Thanksgiving turkey in 8th grade. Doritos were just one of the things I never got around to trying. Luckily for me, college is (and always has been) about trying new things. When you arrive freshman year, there are thousands of people you don’t know and hundreds of things you’ve never done. You’re given the opportunity to play sports you’ve never seen or join clubs you’ve never heard of. Wanna play Quidditch? We have it. Interested in advancing hyperloop technology? That’s a student organization you can join. Want to train service dogs for people in need? You can do that too. In college, you have the opportunity to branch out like never before. For introverts like me, taking risks can be terrifying. It took all my courage to go to RSO (student organization) meetings, or to strike up a conversation with someone in my class. Even though I’m in my fourth year, I still can struggle doing those things. However, through four years of trial and error Ive learned that the worst that can happen in most situations is hardly a bad thing at all. Didn’t like the RSO you wanted to join? You learned something new about yourself, and there’s 1,800 other ones on our campus. A conversation with a classmate didn’t go as planned? Maybe they were having a rough day! You can always try again tomorrow. Or try a new classmate. Odds are, it’s more than just the two of you in the class. Didn’t get the job you were interviewing for? It happens to everyone.   Going through college without experiencing failure means you didn’t try something new. It can be scary petrifying to do the unexpected and try something new, but in my experience, 9 times out of 10 it turns out for the best. Although I’m not quite sure whether my new addiction to Doritos is a good or bad thing. That’s up to you to decide.   My first ever Dorito! Alex Class of 2020 After switching majors four times, I've finally fallen in love with what I'm studying: communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I hope hearing about my experiences can put all your worries at ease, because college really isn't as scary as you might think!

On The Waterfront Movie Review - 1925 Words

On The Waterfront (Movie Review Sample) Content: On the Water-FrontNameInstitutionIntroductionIn this paper we will be looking at film "On the Waterfront" while comparing and contrasting it to "Everything That Floats" by Kaplan. This will be of great importance as it helps us in understanding the effect of mob on the society, workers and their unions (Raymond, 1955). The above said film mainly focuses on violence in the union and their corruption among the personnelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s at longshoremen (Raymond, 1955). It will be worth noting that this film is mainly based on the articles found in the New York sun and the author been Malcolm Johnson. With its focus on the real events that happened to local people, this film was able to be awarded with over five academy awards (Raymond, 1955).Overview of the FilmThis film was cast and directed by Leonard Bernstein. It is mainly bout mob informers and the major parts of it were based from true stories. The film was shot and films about and around the docks of Hoboken in New Je rsey. One of the film main character is Johnny Friendly, who at the same time happens to be the union boss and with mob connections (Raymond, 1955). Johnny is known to take pride of been in control of the waterfront, and this happens in the sense he is known to be a dictator. The WCC (Waterfront Crime Commission) and police do believe that Mr. Johnny is responsible for numerous murders but they are unable to prove it. The main reason was that all the witnesses fear for their lives thus they end up playing deaf and dumb (commonly known as double D or D and D) (Raymond, 1955). The witnesses can therefore be said to have accepted an acquiescent position as they fully understand the risk and danger of informing. Johnny refers the act of informing as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ratingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ (Raymond, 1955).Beginning of the film, we learn that Terry who happens to be a dockworker has a brother, Charley and he happens to be Johnnyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lawyer. We also are informed that Terry was once a pr omising boxer, and thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s until Johnny came along (Raymond, 1955). What happened is that Terry was instructed by Johnny to intentionally lose a fight with the main reason having been that Johnny had bet against him? This clearly shows us that Johnny was a kind of person been feared by a majority of people, as Terry was willing to lose a fight that could have changed his life for better rather than to disobey Johnny. The film starts with Terry wheedling and ambushing Joey (a well liked worker) thereby preventing him from testifying against Johnny in front of the Waterfront Crime Commission (Raymond, 1955). Even been the muscle guy (Terry), he is seen resenting to be used as the object in Joeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s death but in the end he is willing to play deaf and dumb.Terry meets Edie, the sister of the murdered Joey and he becomes love struck. At the same time, Edie has shamed the waterfront priest (Father Barry) into stimulating/ taking action against the union which is under t he control of the mob (Raymond, 1955). No sooner rather than later are Edie and Father Barry insisting on Terry to testify against the mob? Kayo who happens to be a dockworker agrees to testify with father Barry promising unwavering support (Raymond, 1955). Kayo turns up dead after Johnny arranges for him to be killed by a load of whiskey which happens to be a staged accident (Raymond, 1955).With his conscience tormenting him, Terry slowly drifts towards testifying against Johnny. Johnny believes that Terry should be killed if in the end his brother Charley is unable of convincing him to continue playing deaf and dumb. Charles starts with first trying to bribe his brother, whom he fails, then he holds a gun against him and in the end he fails to convince Terry to change his mind (Raymond, 1955). In the end Terry blames his successful brother for the troubles he is going through in his life. This can be attributed when Terry takes his brother back to the night in which he supported the fixation of the fight, where he reminds him he could have been a contender (Raymond, 1955). Lastly, Charley decides to give Terry the gun while advising him to run. Unknown to them, Johnny has been monitoring the situation and he therefore decides to have Charley killed and his body hanged in an alley. This was to act as a bait to help Johnny catch Terry (Raymond, 1955). We later witness father Barry stopping Terry from shooting Johnny and convinces him to fight him the right way, by testifying to the WCC.At the end of the testimony, Johnny declares that Terry will not be employed by anyone on the waterfront. We see Edie who has also fallen for Terry persuading him to leave with her but nevertheless he decides to join one of the recruitment drives by the docks (Raymond, 1955). With him been the only person not hired, Terry decides to confront Johnny and informs him that he is proud of the decision he made of testifying against him. The film ends with a confrontation developing with Johnny having the help of his thugs mobbing up and beating Terry to the brink of death (Raymond, 1955). With the other dockworkers having witnessed the confrontation become united and declares their support for Terry. They thereby decide to put down their tools on the condition that they will not work unless Terry is employed and working too (Raymond, 1955). The shoddily wounded terry manages to get on his feet and enter the waterfront docks followed by his fellow longshoremen. In the end, victory is theirs.Relationship to Everything that Floats by William KaplanIn this film derived from the book by Kaplan, we witness Kaplan focusing on the period of corruption and violence when SIU was under the leadership of Hal Banks. It is believed that as early as the 1950s the federal labor department had been made aware of the evils in the die workers union (Jim, 1986). The union officials were believed to be involved in various forms of racketeering and extortion while the anti Banks ac tivists were intimidated (William, 1987). The author notes that this form of unionism to have been common to/ when it comes to civil servants and politicians as compared to its forerunners (Jim, 1986). The shocking point has been that banks had been appointed as a Canadian delegate to the ILO (International Labor Organization) (William, 1987). Even when the immigration decided to later have him deported the, the cabinet rejected this decision and openly supported the banks union. With other government agencies embracing him and this was up to the 1950s when the SIU started to raid other unions to strengthen its control in Canada (William, 1987). It is at this point whereby the title Everything that Floats was created. There is a similarity on this point when it comes to the film on the waterfront (Raymond, 1955).By the year 1960, the Canadian Labor Congress (CLC) had had enough and it decided o expel the union while supporting rival organizing drives. Once more, blood started to flo w in the docks and two year later, the CLC was able to convince the government to appoint Justice Thomas to investigate the activities of the union. After hundred days of public hearings, mostly from credible witnesses the Justice was able to submit his final report (William, 1987). One of hi core recommendation was that there should be a legitimate trusteeship to be imposed on all the unions across the country (Jim, 1986). This was vital in helping bring about democracy to a single organization in the industry that was under high quality control (William, 1987). With tough negotiations between the American government and it Canadian counterpart, the Canadian government was able to comply. The trustees appointed had a tough task of housecleaning (Jim, 1986). In the end, Banks was fired and found guilty of conspiracy to a...

The Risk Factor Of Cigarette Smoking - 983 Words

The extent of correlation concerning an individual conduct and wellbeing is daunting. I chose to address behavioral risk factor of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality that is responsible for nearly six million deaths worldwide and over 400,000 deaths annually in the United States (World Health Organization, 2011; Chandora, Whitney, Weaver, Eriksen, 2015). I reside in state of Georgia. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2014), 17.4% of Georgia adults were current cigarette smokers and 22.4% were former smokers. Adult male’s cigarette smokers are 21.4% while the females at 13.6%, between race and ethnicity, non-Hispanic white 19.3%, non-Hispanic blacks 14.6% and Hispanics 15.6%. In Georgia, non-Hispanic whites young adults’ ages 25-34 years have the highest prevalence in smoking than any other age groups at 29.5%, while non-Hispanic blacks smoking prevalence highest at age 55-64 years 20.3% (CDC, 2 014). Cigarette smoking is associated with deaths related to cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and smoking cessation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease; the risk of heart attack and stroke falls considerably after quitting smoking entirely (CDC, 2016). Cigarette smoking account for 10.1% of deaths among Georgia adults Gvinianidze Tsereteli, 2012). According to Healthy People (HP) 2020 target for current cigarette smokers is 12% (HP, 2016) the state of Georgia cigarette smokingShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking And Novel Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease704 Words   |  3 PagesRelationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Novel Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease In The United States In a study of the general population of the United States, over 17,000 individuals were examined on the relationship between cigarette smoking and the levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and serum C-reactive protein. 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Yes, ladies and gentleman, my first slide of my power point presentation does say, Whoa#8230;1,000 dollars! b. From my Health Psychology Book by Linda Brannon and Jess Feist, it stated that Currently, about 25% of the adults in the United States are classified as smokers, in 1998 when the book was published. c. Now, considering all of us are 18 or older in the room, one out of every four ofRead MoreSmoking and Dental mplants714 Words   |  3 Pagesand the patient14,17,18.Broadly ,these factors may be classified as ;patient, clinician or implant associated15,16. Cigarette smoking, a patient related risk factor, is a common habit. 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Social Work Practice Guidelines Are Outlined By The Nasw

Social Work practice guidelines are outlined by the NASW Code of Ethics, CSWE Educational Policy and Standards, and HIPPA. NASW Code of Ethics explain the missions values and core functions of how a social worker practices. It is a guide that is used to assist social workers through ethical dilemmas while emphasizing core values (National Association of Social Workers, n.d.). CSWE is a national association that maintains the standards of educational programs for social work degrees. This entity ensures education is supported by appropriate accreditation that focuses on curriculums to ensure full understanding of all required competencies and that the program is aligned with its goals and missions. (Council on Social Work Education,†¦show more content†¦148) It is the Social workers duty to practice confidentiality while coordinating and advocating care for members. HIPPA rules protect health information and provide guidelines to distinctly identify who is authorized to disclose and receive information. Typical cases protected under HIPPA may involve authorized government entities, law enforcement, and mandating reporters. Disclosure of information is authorized between providers regarding member receiving care for the purpose of treating that member in an emergency situation. This disclosure information is limited to disclose what is pertinent to the actual treatment the member is receiving. A significant job function and responsibility of the Social Worker employed at the Medicaid Integrated health plan is to ensure members have no gaps in services. The social workers that work with members dually diagnosed with a severely mental illness and substance abuse must practice caution while coordinating services. While maintaining compliance with HIPPA rules social workers must also comply with 42 CFR Part 2. This law protects the disclosure of information regarding members diagnosed with substance use (Health Information and the Law, n.d.). Social workersShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics And The Social Work1562 Words   |  7 PagesWithin the social work profession, one of the main goals is promoting social justice and changing the lives of individuals, and with that goal in mind, it is imperative that the Core Values are followed closely. By definition from DuBois and Miley, â€Å"eradicating injustices and inequalities to ensure social justice and to protect human rights is the call to action for social workers† (DuBois Miley, 2014, p.47). Over time the profession of social work evolved, and eventually the National AssociationRead MoreThe Social Work Of A Social Worker1585 Words   |  7 PagesAs a social worker, we are essentially given the opportunity to utilize our past and personal experiences, educational background, and diverse relationships to make a difference in countless people’s lives. Whether we choose to dedicate ourselves to practicing micro or macro social work, we can influence the ou tcomes of social policies, assist clients with obtaining basic necessities, or change a person’s thought processes by applying psychosocial theories as necessary. However, we are obligatedRead MoreCode Of Ethics Reaction Paper : The Doe Family1419 Words   |  6 PagesNASW Code of Ethics Reaction Paper: The Doe Family A Review of the Case Jane Doe is 22 years old. She has a 3-month old child with her boyfriend, Anthony, who has been physically abusive lately. She has decided to move in with her mother, Alice, for the sake of the baby, although their relationship is strained. Jane has earned a GED and is waiting tables yet is at risk of losing her social services benefits because she is not complying with proper documentations. Alice Doe is in recovery fromRead MoreGender Dysphoria and Gender Reassignment: Analysis of a Policy Issue3357 Words   |  14 Pagesgender reassignment surgery. In addition, there are very few state level policies regarding insurance coverage of these procedures (Taylor, 2007). Much of these policy issues are closely tied to the lack of consensus on the ethical, professional, and social implications of the inclusion of Gender Dysphoria as a mental health diagnosis in the DSM-V (Ehrbar, 2010). Because there is little consensus across various stakeholders regarding the process of determining eligibility for gender reassignment surgeriesRead MoreHuman Services Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesimproving their quality of life. Another member looked at Human Services in a theoretical sense, and saw it as â€Å"the field of humane, compassionate, person-centered care that has, and continues to develop, as the result of an evolving, collective human and social consciousness†. The book Human Services: Concepts and Intervention Strategies defines Human Services as â€Å"a phrase that is often used to group activities that focus on helping people live better lives† (Mehr amp; Kanwischer, 2011 p.2).   One thingRead More The Politics of Representation: Social Work Lessons From the Advocacy Planning Movement3176 Words   |  13 PagesPolitics of Representation: Social Work Lessons From the Advocacy Planning Movement In urban plannings new political awareness, representation became a social responsibility issue. This new understanding of politics and social responsibility in urban planning may have brought boundary interaction between planners and other professions, such as social work†¦ Introduction In his 1995 article, Andrew Abbott explores his evolving conception of the social work profession. As we approach theRead MoreSuicide : Ethical, Moral, Spiritual, And Social Deliberations And Examination2104 Words   |  9 PagesSuicide is a subject that has provoked ethical, moral, spiritual, and social deliberations and examination (Harris Hawton, 2005). Civilization has fought with the notion of suicide as well as attempting to make coherent logic of the behaviors that proceed (Harris Hawton, 2005). In managing such a multifaceted individual and social subject, therapists may come across copious ethical trials which must be resolved in order to be operative specialists (Harris Hawton, 2005). Case Study BethRead MoreEnd Of Life Issues : Assisted Suicide Essay2445 Words   |  10 Pagesgiving their patients the poisons they requested (p. 2).† According to the timeline of the History of Euthanasia, found on the ProCon website; during the 12th to 15th centuries, Christianity occupied a position of dominant power and the overwhelming social and medical opinion was in opposition to euthanasia. Common Law Tradition prohibited suicide and assisted suicide in the American colonies during the 17th to 19th centuries. The 17th and 18th century push back against the church’s view of euthanasiaRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay3731 Words   |  15 Pagesthe minimum level of income deemed adequate to provide the basic necessities in life. With poverty often comes food insecurity which can lead to a variety of negative effects such as health concerns, increased health care costs, and emotional and social issues (Jackson, 2014; Henchy, Weill, Parker, 1999). There are a range of nutritional policies in place that help women and children who live in poverty and food-insecure households, such as the Special Supplemen tal Nutrition Program for Women,

Preventing Identity Theft Essays - 1198 Words

In today’s world, we are all in some way connected to or involved with the internet. We all use different services that we feel either enrich our lives or make them more enjoyable every day, from email to FaceBook, MySpace, and e-commerce. We all take a sort of false comfort in the basic anonymity of the internet; however, when we think about it, that could end up being the single biggest risk to our own safety today. When we typically think of crimes committed against us, we could probably name several: mugging, theft, scams, murder, and rape. For these, things we all take as many necessary steps as we can to help lower the chances of them happening to us because they are on the forefront of our minds. However, most of us don’t take the†¦show more content†¦The sheer availability of information and the ease of access to such information to even the most novice computer user is helping fuel the growth of this type of cybercrime. There are some ways to protect o urselves and our families. First we need to understand that we are the first line of defense against any type of cybercrime and need to become more proactive in helping ourselves. While there are laws in place that are being constantly revised to protect our information; for the most part they only help after the fact. The average user doesn’t have proper software setup on their home PC’s to protect their information, and even when they do they don’t keep it up-to-date. There are several very good services available for either free or a very reasonable cost such as antivirus software, adware/spyware protection, and firewall software that will help keep our information from being obtained directly from our very own computer. Once we have these items in place, it becomes as just important to configure them properly and keep them up-to-date so these programs can catch all the newest ways the criminals use to try and get around them. Another way to protect our information is to be diligent in researching who we are doing business with, and what their practices are in regards to protecting our information once they have it. In recent years, there have been several instances of high profile security breaches from someShow MoreRelatedTips To Preventing Identity Theft Essay example551 Words   |  3 PagesHaving your identity taken away from you is a very difficult thing to handle. It could mean not being able to pay your bills or at the worst, not being able to obtain credit. Protecting your identity is the only way to prevent it from being stolen. Moreover, in this day and age, there are more thieves than ever. Therefore, knowing exactly how to protect the most precious thing to you is the only way you can keep it safe. Here are a few tips to prevent you from having your identity stolen. Tips Read MoreCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Inernet1649 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Internet Cyber Crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions. I. Background II. Cyber fraud A. Fraud sites 1. Free trials sites 2. Craigslist B. Preventing fraud 1. Personal information 2. Credit cards III. Identity theft A. Identity theft sites 1. Stealing information 2. Craigslist B. Preventing Identity theft 1. Who to giveRead MoreIdentity Theft : Trends And Issues1224 Words   |  5 Pages Identity Theft: Trends and Issues Identity Theft: Trends and Issues Identity theft is the fastest growing fraud crime in America (Finklea, 2009). Gaining knowledge in preventing theft will better the economy and lower the crime rates in America. There are reported 9.9 million victims of identity theft and this number is increasing rapidly as the years go on. It has been reported that an estimate of fifty billion dollars has been charged to our consumersRead MoreNew Growing Trend: Identity Theft859 Words   |  4 Pageshave been a victim of identity theft or not, the author of the article â€Å"Identity Theft Is a Growing Danger† has educated a neutral audience about the different ways identities are stolen. Overall, the article used pathos effectively to support the identity theft claim by capturing quotes from actual identity theft victims and the author utilized scare tactics to inform the neutral audience about the various ways that identity theft can happen and to help protect their identity on and offline. BasedRead MoreIdentity Theft993 Words   |  4 Pagesridiculous amount of money needed to be paid that you never spent? This is because of identity theft. The FTC estimates that each year, over 9 million people are affected by identity theft. According to Sally Driscoll, this is because almost anyone with a computer and a slight bit of computer knowledge can pull off identity theft. Experts also claim that identity theft is the fastest-growing crime in the world. Identity theft is a global problem that cannot be stopped without effective measures. The problemRead MoreNew Strands Of Goods And Services From Brand Name Companies983 Words   |  4 Pagesadvertise for them. Brand name companies only think about having their merchandise displayed but forget that they can become a victim of identity theft. Since they willing give up items to celebs but do not know exactly if that celebrity will or has received it. Judith Collin’s Preventing Identity Theft in your Business details the financial losses for business identity theft are the costs due to the loss of merchandise. (Collins, 2005) The monetary losses companies suffer from are because of the deficiencyRead MorePersonal Prevention of Identity Theft Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Prevention of Identity Theft Today in the United States there is a crime that every citizen faces having committed against them and that is the crime of identity theft. Identity theft is the theft of ones personal identifying information such as ones name, address, date of birth, credit card numbers, bank information, and most of all social security number (National Insurance Crime Bureau, 2000). With the modernization of our world it has became easier for would be identity thieves to commitRead MoreIdentification Theft And Identity Theft947 Words   |  4 PagesOur identity is what makes us unique. It is the individual character or personality of an individual, and when a person is a victim of identity theft, it is this distinct characteristic that is stolen Therefore the victims of identity theft often feel a deep sense of violation as they struggle to reclaim their good names. The government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime which is affecting millions of innocent Americans. Until then there are three important waysRead MoreIdentity Theft Or Identity Fraud1707 Words   |  7 PagesThis problem is known as identity theft or identity fraud. The development and growth of the world wide web and personal computers being have made everyday things easier for everyone, but have also made it easier for criminals to gain access to information needed to steel someone’s identity. This is a crime which cost people thousands of dollars and countless hours of time spent to regain their losses and the damages done by having their life turned upside down by identity theft. Albrecht(2016). ThisRead MoreIdentity Theft Is Improving With Time1216 Words   |  5 Pages Identity theft is improving with time! Really. It is. Honestly, if I were to become a victim, better it be today then five, ten or even 100 years ago. The common perception is that identity theft is a computer generation crime, which is increasing by the day. Truth is, identity theft dates back before the Internet, computers, the digital age at all. Mobsters may have brought it to an art form decades ago, and its title was quite literal derived. In that era, identity theft was not a financial

From a Sociological Perspective Essay - 4053 Words

From a sociological perspective, explanation for criminality is found in two levels which are the subculture and the structural explanations. The sociological explanations emphasize aspects of societal arrangements that are external to the actor and compelling. A sociological explanation is concerned with how the structure of a society, institutional practices or its persisting cultural themes affect the conduct of its members. Individual differences are denied or ignored, and the explanation of the overall collective behavior is sought in the patterning of social arrangements that is considered to be both outside the actor and prior to him (Sampson, 1985). That is, the social patterns of power or of institutions which are held to be†¦show more content†¦Th subcultural theorist are interested in patterned ways of like which may have evolved with a division of labor and which are called class cultures. The pattern, however is not described by reference to income alone or by reference to year of schooling or occupational ski.. The pattern includes these indicators, but is not defined by them. The subcultural theorist are more intent upon the varieties of human value. These are preferred ways of living that are acted upon. In the economists language, they are tastes. The thesis that is intimated, but not often explicated by a subcultural description of behaviors is that single or multiple signs of social position, such as occupation or education that will have a different significance for both status and cultures. Money and education do not mean the same things socially as they are more or less equitably distributed. The change i n meaning is not merely a change in the prestige value of these tow, but also betokens changes in the boundaries between class cultures. Generally speaking, whether one believes tendencies to be good or bad, the point of emphasis should be simply the criteria of social class that have been generally employed.. The criteria should be limited to income and schooling with changes in the distribution taking advantage of the population. Class cultures, like national cultures may break down. A more general subculture explanation of crime, not necessarily in disagreement with the notion of classShow MoreRelatedInequality From A Sociological Perspective1507 Words   |  7 PagesInequality from a Sociological Perspective Social inequality is an important area of study for sociologists. It concerns the privileges of certain sections of communities, and aims to determine how and why societies experience inequality. This is important in addressing issues of inequality and striving towards a society where people do not face discrimination based on race, gender, sexuality, class or social groups that they belong to. The study of inequality in sociology originally started withRead MoreA Look at Crime from a Sociological Perspective1020 Words   |  4 PagesCrime A Look into Crime from a Sociological Perspective Introduction Crime is considered to be some breech or violation of behaviors which stand in opposition of rules or norms instituted by some governing body. Some actions are considered to be crimes throughout most societies in history; murder or physical abuse can serve as an example as an example. However, the majorities of things that are considered crimes are more of a subjective nature and vary widely in different societies. In many societiesRead MoreDifferent Cultures From A Sociological Perspective1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relationships that are occurring in my own life and how relationships in being made in the future will be affected will be changed because of this. This reflective paper will focus on the various differences in cultures from a sociological perspective, and provide examples from my own life on how different cultures and social groups alike can change the actions and feelings of a person, whether it be conscious or not. Socialization is a very important and critical aspect of the life course. TheRead MoreDeveloping Sociological Imagination from an Interactionist Perspective560 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿ What is involved in developing sociological imagination from interactionist perspective? The concept of sociological imagination was developed by C. Wright Mills who defined it as an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past (Schaefer 5). Sociological imagination allows us to look at cultural activities and events from a larger perspective, placing them in a proper context. For example, it is considered normal in the United StatesRead MoreGender Wage Gap From A Sociological Perspective Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe gender wage gap in America is a social problem that has existed since women entered the workforce. According to the National Committee on Pay Equity, for every dollar earned by a man, a woman made 78.3 cents in 2013 (Leon-Guerrero, 2016). Data from 1983 to 1998 and concluded that women workers in their prime earning years make 38% of what men make. During the 15-year period, an average prime-age working woman earned only $273,592 compared with $722,693 earned by the average working man in 1999R ead MoreEssay about Explanation for Criminality from a Sociological Perspective4008 Words   |  17 PagesExplanation for Criminality from a Sociological Perspective From a sociological perspective, explanation for criminality is found in two levels which are the subculture and the structural explanations. The sociological explanations emphasize aspects of societal arrangements that are external to the actor and compelling. A sociological explanation is concerned with how the structure of a society, institutional practices or its persisting cultural themes affect the conduct of its members. IndividualRead MoreSociological Analysis of the Presidential Election of 2012 from a Structural Functionalist Perspective and a Conflict Perspective.1183 Words   |  5 PagesSociological Analysis of the Presidential Election of 2012 from a Structural Functionalist Perspective and a Conflict Perspective. As the presidential election draws closer, we could vividly view our society from social conflict and structural functionalist perspectives. The democratic process helps us to ask why do we accept and embrace democracy, how does it influence our social patterns and functions; and how does democracy really work for the stability of our society. In this essay, I will analyzeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement of 1964 from a Psychological and Sociological Perspective1950 Words   |  8 Pagesbe a price to pay, whether it be being jailed, assaulted, or in some cases even killed. The sociological and psychological motivation behind this Movement, and what drove ordinary people to stand up for what they believed in, and accomplish extraordinary achievements for African-American Civil Rights is that of strength, and determination to stand up for what is just. From a psychological perspective it is important to understand the period before the Civil Rights movement was born. This struggleRead MoreWhy Should People Commit Crime And Labeling Theory From A Sociological Perspective1743 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the deviant behavior regarding the individual social and cultural status and how society response to these types of deviant behaviors. I am going to explain Robert K. Merton’s theory on why people commit crime and labeling theory from a sociological perspective, and how people respond to the actions that people make. Even though the two theories are similar they play different roles in society in dealing with deviance behavior. Anomie strain theory can be described as the failure to achieveRead MoreThematic Analysis : Data Driven Inductive And Sociological Contexts From The Constructionist Perspective Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pages3. Data analysis Thematic analysis is applied to process the data from semi-structured interviews and policy documents. Thematic analysis is an encoding qualitative information process, involving discovering, interpreting and reporting themes within data (Boyatzis, 1998, Spencer et al., 2014). Braun and Clarke (2006) propose decisions of ‘inductive or deductive’, ‘semantic or interpretative’, and ‘realist or constructionist’ for applying thematic analysis methods. This thesis applies the data-driven

English Poetry Free Essays

Emersonâ€Å"The Echoing Green† and â€Å"The Eolian Harp† â€Å"The Echoing Green† is a poem written by William Blake. It was taken from Blake’s Songs of Innocence, and is also a pictorial poem of Blake’s. In this poem, the poet describes a happy country side view where the arrival of spring is welcomed by sunny skies, and ringing bells. We will write a custom essay sample on English Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now It takes place on an ideal day in the British Isles. Blake uses the theme of innocence and peace throughout the poem. The theme plays out here when Blake states that the skies are happy, the children are playing, and the ’old folk’ who reminisce about their own childhood. This poem is a symbolic and draws a contrast between youth and old age. The spring symbolizes the youth and the children. Morning is the beginning of life and dark evening is the end. The poet symbolizes the innocence of children with birds. The birds are happy and they sing; mocking the children. ’Nest of birds’ symbolizes peace. The poem could be attributed to the life of a person-birth, life, death. Birth being the morning, life being the kids playing, the routines throughout the day, and men reminiscing, and lastly death being the end of the day when all goes dark, and quiet smothers the earth. The Eolian Harp†, is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Inspired by the peaceful music being played by wind this poem was written for his wife, Sara, while visiting a house of his in Clevedon, Somersetshire. The theme in this poem is also peace, as well as innoncence. Peace comes to him while he ponders on the beauty of nature, and the wonder of God giving him e verything around him including Sara. Coleridge personifies nature by comparing it to abstract nouns. For example, the white flower represents innocence. This abstract noun does exactly this: it gives life and character to nature. Coleridge uses unperceived nature to appeal to the human senses. Each are introduce in turn starting with sight through the watching of the clouds and the evening star. The introduction of God towards the end is another vision. ; a vision to the soul. It is now that the audience visualizes the peace that Coleridge feels. The allusion to sight and vision in these poems are significant because of the dept of imagination needed for physical and emotional imagery. It’s full of emotional feelings, as well as physical sight. The audience is needed to picture, and feel what the poet did to understand the poem. For example, both Coleridge and Blake set the poem outside, in nature to show the peace and innocence. These two poems also have central connectedness. They both have vision and sight. Not only emotionally and mentally, but physical as well. There are many times where both poets use deep feelings and thoughts. Hiding meaning behind words, and using polsemes. Blake hides meanings behind his entire poem. Such as: morning being the beginning of life, and evening being the end. How to cite English Poetry, Papers English Poetry Free Essays In ‘Bayonet charge’ and ‘Belfast confetti’ the consequences of war are presented as inhumane, devastating and confusing by the poets. In both poems a range of semantic fields are used to display the confusion of the soldier in ‘Bayonet charge’ and the civilian in ‘Belfast confetti’. For example in ‘Belfast confetti’: â€Å"Nuts, bolts, nails, car-keys. We will write a custom essay sample on English Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now A fount of broken type. And the explosion. Itself – an asterisk on the map. This hyphenated line, a burst of rapid fire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Several semantic fields are used at once. For instance â€Å"nuts, bolts, nails and car keys† belong to a semantic field of household objects, whilst â€Å"asterisk† and â€Å"hyphenated line† would fit in to a semantic field of punctuation and â€Å"explosion† and â€Å"rapid fire† are part of wars semantic field. This use of variation in semantic fields creates a sense of confusion as the words do not fit in with the scene Carson is trying to paint, much like the civilian does not fit in with the war that is raging on around him. Similarly Hughes also uses the semantic field of nature as metaphors to create confusion: Stumbling across a field of clods towards a green hedge† â€Å"Clods† are something used to describe mud or soil in a field. Here Hughes are using them as a metaphor for the people who had fallen during the charge. This metaphor shows how disorientated the soldier is, â€Å"stumbling† around the field oblivious to what he was walking through. However the poet makes the soldiers ignorance sound as if it was forced, that in order to make it through the battle he had to ignore what was happening to his comrades. The metaphor â€Å"field of clods† also shows the inhumanity applied to warfare, making the soldiers appear as nothing more than pieces of earth not human beings who had lives and families. It also shows how devastating the battles were, as an entire field has been covered with the remains of those fighting. â€Å"Green hedge†, another metaphor used in the quotation I have chosen, used to describe the end of the soldiers time on the battlefield. I felt that this was particularly powerful as the colour green and nature, in general, are used to represent life and hope, something which would seem out f place in a battlefield meaning that the metaphor also serves as an oxymoron. Both poems consist of many enjambments. Structuring the poem in such a way causes the poems to gain a stop, start rhythm. I felt that this made them sound like the train of thought coming from the subject of each poem. Often cutting off and continuing or switching points completely much like a perso n in a state of confusion unable to focus solely on one thing before finding more questions to ask to attempt to ease their confused state. By setting the poems out this way both Carson and Hughes allow the reader to be enveloped in the same state of confusion creating empathy between the reader and the subject. Hughes uses mechanical imagery in order to show the inhumane consequences of war: â€Å"Sweating like molten iron from the centre of his chest† The use of the simile â€Å"Molten iron† makes the soldier sound mechanical and inhumane as it appears to be coming from within the â€Å"centre of his chest†. This suggests that the poet believes that war and conflict devastates a persons humanity, becoming nothing more than a weapon. This also adds to the effect of the verb â€Å"Sweating† showing us that despite how inhumane the soldier may be, he is still scared enough to be â€Å"Sweating† conveying his fear to the reader. Meanwhile Carson explores the devastating effect war has on the land it takes place on: â€Å"I know this labyrinth so well† The contrast within the quotation displays how much the area has been ruined. The phrase â€Å"So well† emphasises the degree to which the subject knows the area he is talking about, the personal address term â€Å"I know† also creates a sense of desperation and longing for the town this person had once known but would now have to use a map to find the right road. â€Å"Labyrinth†, more likely to be found in Greek mythology, describes a maze almost impossible to escape or find your way around. Here this metaphor displays the extent of the damage done to the town. So devastated and unrecognisable that a person who, presumably, had lived there most of their lives could get lost. Overall the poets use metaphors and enjambments to allow the reader to empathise with the subjects of the poems allowing us to see how the consequences of war would have affected them. I personally found Carsons use of contrast and reference to Greek mythology particularly evocative, letting us see the scale of devastation caused by war. How to cite English Poetry, Papers

Effective Communication and Health Literacy for Orientation

Question: Discuss about theEffective Communication and Health Literacy for Orientation. Answer: Topic: The importance of effective communication and health literacy in a culturally safe healthcare environment Target audience: An orientation session for new staff in the workplace. Type of interaction with the audience: During the presentation, both verbal and non-verbal cues will be used. Specifically, tonal variation and body language will be used. In the course of the presentation, the audience will be allowed to ask questions and offer contributions where necessary. In addition, examples will be used to ensure the audience understands the concepts that will be presented. The audience will also be asked to answer certain questions to make the presentation more interactive. The presentation will use existing literature and health models to enhance the understanding of the concepts. The REDE model will be used to illustrate the elements of effective communication. Further, the cultural practice program for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander will be used to discuss the importance of effective communication in a culturally safe environment. Nutbeam model of health literacy will be illustrated in the presentation and importance of health literacy in the culturally safe environment will be discussed. Effective communication is the process of sharing thoughts, information and feeling among individuals through speech, writing or body language. The presentation highlights the main elements of effective communication. Effective communication assists vulnerable patients to understand and make appropriate decisions about their treatment and care (Bramhall, 2014). Nevertheless, effective communication requires pertinent interpersonal skills, self-awareness, and awareness of others. In the past, communication has been viewed as a tool for healthcare providers alone. Patients and healthcare providers should understand and develop effective communication skills to facilitate and enhance the quality of healthcare. Further, the presentation discusses the barriers to effective communication in healthcare settings. Based on this view, patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals should overcome the barriers to effective communication. For patients and carers, the barriers to effective co mmunication are the lack of privacy, being weak, difficulty explaining feelings and blockage of communication cues by healthcare providers (Neese, 2015). On the other hand, the blocks to effective communication for medical professionals are inadequate time, high workload, lack of support, emotion barriers and distress (Bramhall, 2014). The patients and nurses should always adhere to the principles of effective communication. Communication is perceived as a transaction as well as message creation. The process of communication should ensure patient satisfaction and protect the health professional (Frenkel Cohen, 2014). Both the nurse and patient should understand that communication is unidirectional meaning that any of these parties can initiate the communication process. The use of certain technical terms might block the communication process because the patient can misinterpret technical terms (Kourkouta Papathanasiou, 2014). The REDE model can be used to achieve effective communication in a healthcare setting. Primarily, the REDE model promotes relationship-centred communication to improve the quality of care. This model optimises personal connections is several stages of relationship including establishment, development, and engagement (Windover, Boissy, Rice, Gilligan, Velez, Merlino, 2014). The presentation discusses these elements of REDE model. Establishing a relationship This stage proposes the creation of an enabling and supportive environment where there are collaboration and trust. Healthcare professionals should focus on building an emotional bank with their patients and carers. Respect should be promoted in this phase because it is the first encounter. Healthcare professionals should set the design of care collaboratively even though it might be time-consuming. They should also introduce electronic health record to enhance patient care. Lastly, the provider should demonstrate empathy, which is the capacity to acknowledge and understand the situation of others (Windover, Boissy, Rice, Gilligan, Velez, Merlino, 2014). Developing the relationship After the initial step, the relationship continues evolving and growing. Healthcare professionals should attempt to know the patient and understand their critical signs in a biopsychosocial context. They should listen reflectively as the patient narrates their feelings and thoughts. In this case, the nurse should attempt to obtain the history of present illness (HPI). The importance of provider-patient communication has been extensively documented in the recent literature (Cheng, Bridges, Yiu, McGrath, 2015). Engaging the relationship The main elements of this stage are patient education and treatment. As the healthcare professional continues to offer treatment, they should also enhance the patients knowledge. Education aims to obtain consent, enhance patient self-efficacy, treatment adherence and self-care of chronic health conditions (Windover, Boissy, Rice, Gilligan, Velez, Merlino, 2014). The healthcare professional should share the diagnosis with the patient, involve the patient in designing a treatment plan, and dialogue throughout the process of delivering care. The presentation will further discuss the meaning of effective communication and its significance in healthcare. Effective communication in a culturally safe environment is very important. Recent studies have found that good communication improves patients emotional health as well as symptoms resolution (Leonard, 2017). In addition, effective communication enhances several physiological measures including like blood pressure and reduces reported pain. Effective communication increases the chances of developing a mutually positive and advantageous relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient. Additionally, effective communication increases the level of confidence and self-empowerment for the patient because they understand their diagnosis and treatment. In most instances, communication reduces the issues of misunderstanding and errors linked to diagnosis, treatment and medication administration. The cases of medication non-adherence can also be reduced through good com munication. Communication further improves the level of respect and reputation between the nurse and the patient (Cultural.org, 2012). Health literacy can be perceived as the capacity to access, comprehend, analyse and convey information as a way to enhance, sustain and promote health in various settings (Medibankhealth, 2018). The presentation discusses how health literacy is defined in Australia and its association with healthcare delivery. In Australia, health literacy is defined as the skills and knowledge needed to comprehend and apply information associated with health issues like disease prevention and management, drugs and alcohol, accident prevention, and first aid. Health literacy can also be viewed as the ability to understand and use health information to improve the delivery of healthcare and make suitable health decisions (Lambert, et al., 2014). Low level of health literacy often occurs in vulnerable communities and it is associated with socially disadvantaged populations. Poverty and low education attainment are important predictors of health literacy level. Traditionally, health literacy concentrate d on health care services and had a finite concentration on the capacity to address words and numbers in medical contexts. Over the last few years, the idea of health literacy has evolved significantly to include the aspects of reading and acting on written health information (Van den Broucke, 2014). Health literacy is an important determinant of public health and determines the outcomes of patients across different healthcare settings. Low health literacy is not only an issue of the minorities because it even exists in the majority populations. The presentation discusses the Nutbeam model of health literacy. The Nutbeams model of health literacy consists of three levels including functional literacy, interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy (Nutbeam, 2015). Functional literacy is the capacity to use common literacy skills to address issues associated with health such as reading medication labels. This kind of literacy is applied mainly in clinical settings where information is conveyed to patients. In case a patient has poor functional health literacy skills, they might be unable to read prescription and written materials. On the other hand, interactive literacy emphasizes the development of cognitive skills as well as the capacity to operate in social environments (Mitchell Begoray, 2014). Interactive literacy depends on a sturdy foundation of the first level, which is functional health literacy. At this level, patients develop the ability to analyze message effectively and interact with others in the env ironment. Critical literacy depends on the other level of health literacy including functional and interactive literacy. Individuals who are at this level of health literacy can facilitate community development. Besides, persons at this level of health literacy can analyse health problems, determine the challenges and benefits of each aspect. The presentation will highlight the benefits of health literacy. Health literacy is essential in a culturally safe environment due to various factors. Undeniably, low health literacy is linked to poor health knowledge, poor health status, high mortality, high rates of hospitalisation and high costs of care. Nutbeam model insinuates that health literacy can act as a strategy for empowerment. Based on the model, health literacy allows an individual to seek, access and analyse health information (Lowell, Schmitt, Ah Chin, Connors, 2014). Health literacy enhances the appropriate use of medication and subsequent outcomes. Patients with high health literacy can use medication appropriately, which improves the outcome of their symptoms (Fincham, 2013). Additionally, health literacy increases the involvement of patients in medical decision-making. High order competence is positively associated with greater involvement in making decisions about medications (Brabers, Rademakers, Groenewegen, van Dijk, de Jong, 2017). Health literacy is even important for patients diagnosed with chronic health conditions. Health literacy allows patents diagnosed with chronic health conditions to access information, and apply appropriate skills to manage their condition (Poureslami, Nimmon, Rootman, Fitzgerald, 2016). In a culturally safe environment, health literacy allows the nurses to apply promote health based on the culture. The healthcare providers can address the needs of consumers in culturally diverse populations. Furthermore, health literacy integrates with effective communication to ensure the needs of the health consumers are met effectively. Word count: Rationale 1500 Presentation 250 Total - 1750 References Brabers, A. E., Rademakers, J. J., Groenewegen, P. P., van Dijk, L., de Jong, J. D. (2017). What role does health literacy play in patients' involvement in medical decision-making? PloS one , 12 (3), e0173316. Bramhall, E. (2014). Effective communication skills in nursing practice. Nursing Standard , 29 (14), 53-59. Cheng, B. S., Bridges, S. M., Yiu, C., McGrath, C. (2015). A review of communication models and frameworks in a healthcare context. Dental update , 42 (2), 185-193. Cultural.org. (2012). Communicating effectively with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeople. Retrieved 4 16, 2018, from https://www.cultura.org.au/sites/default/files/2017-02/Communicating%20effectively%20with%20Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20people_1.pdf Fincham, J. E. (2013). The public health importance of improving health literacy. American journal of pharmaceutical education , 77 (3), 41. Frenkel, M., Cohen, L. (2014). Effective Communication About the Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Cancer Care. J Altern Complement Med , 20 (1), 12-18. Kourkouta, L., Papathanasiou, I. V. (2014). Communication in nursing practice. Materia socio-medica , 26 (1), 65-67. Lambert, M., Luke, J., Downey, B., Crengle, S., Kelaher, M., Reid, S., et al. (2014). Health literacy: health professionals understandings and their perceptions of barriers that Indigenous patients encounter. BMC health services research , 14 (1), 614. Leonard, P. (2017). Exploring ways to manage healthcare professionalpatient communication issues. Support Care Cancer , 25 (Suppl 1), 7-9. Lowell, A., Schmitt, D., Ah Chin, W., Connors, C. (2014). Provider Health Literacy, cultural and communication competence: towards an integrated approach in the. Northern Territory. Medibankhealth. (2018). Health Literacy Implications of Australia. Retrieved 4 16, 2018, from https://www.medibankhealth.com.au/files/editor_upload/File/Medibank%20Health%20Literacy%20Implications%20for%20Australia%20Summary%20Report.pdf Mitchell, B., Begoray, D. L. (2014). Electronic Personal Health Records that Promote Self-management in Chronic Illness. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing , 15 (3). Neese, B. (2015). Effective Communication in Nursing: Theory and Best Practices. Retrieved 4 16, 2018, from https://online.seu.edu/effective-communication-in-nursing/ Nutbeam, D. (2015). Defining, measuring and improving health literacy. HEP , 42 (4), 450-456. Poureslami, I., Nimmon, L., Rootman, I., Fitzgerald, M. J. (2016). Health literacy and chronic disease management: drawing from expert knowledge to set an agenda. Health promotion international , 32 (4), 743-754. Van den Broucke, S. (2014). Health literacy: a critical concept for public health. Arch Public Health , 72 (1), 10. Windover, A. K., Boissy, A., Rice, T., Gilligan, T., Velez, V. J., Merlino, J. (2014). The REDE model of healthcare communication: optimizing relationship as a therapeutic agent. Journal of patient experience , 1 (1), 8-13.

Promoting Mental Health Essay Example

Promoting Mental Health Essay The aim of this assignment will be to demonstrate my interventions designed to promote mental health and well being using current national and local policies and campaigns in relation to the patient’s identified needs as well as evidence based therapeutic interventions. Finally I will evaluate my package reflecting on its success or failure. In order to gain a better understanding of mental health promotion, it is important to gain a definition of promoting mental health. Rosie Winterton (2006) quotes ‘Mental health promotion is key to changing attitudes about mental health across society. The National framework for mental health (DOH 1999) implemented national standards and service models for promoting mental health. Rosie Winterton (2006) continues ‘the National Service Framework for mental health.. outlines the need for the promotion of mental health for whole communities in schools, the workplace and neighbourhoods, as well as combating the discrimination against individuals and groups with mental health problems, and promoting their social inclusion. As a nurse, I have a duty of care NMC (2008) to support and promote patients recovery so that he/she can be a productive member of society without feelings of feeling socially excluded. The client chosen will be called Elizabeth* for the purpose of this assignment in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) Code of professional Conduct and Data Protection Act (1998) which require health care professionals to protect and maintain their clients confidentiality. We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Elizabeth is a 38 year old woman who originates from Didsbury. Elizabeth is currently an inpatient on an adult psychiatric ward. Elizabeth was referred on recommendations from her Drugs Misuse worker. Elizabeth presented with signs of self neglect, low self esteem, feeling faint, disorientated, anxiety, irritability and aggression amongst others. Elizabeth has recently separated from her husband with whom she had no children. This was due to her cannabis addiction; this caused problems between Elizabeth and her husband mentally, emotionally and financially. Elizabeth is now living with her mother, having accumulated debts to dealers, led to Elizabeth’s low mood and admission. During the initial interview Elizabeth claimed she had been dependant on cannabis since the age of 14. She had been admitted onto the ward for a detoxification from drugs on the recommendation from her Drug Worker and husband who felt her drug taking was affecting her mental health. It is my duty to work in partnership with Elizabeth, to make her feel in control of her life and to successfully recover her from her drug dependence in accordance with the National Service Framework (NSF 1999) standard 1 which states, ‘health and social services should combat discrimination against individuals and groups with mental health problems, and promote their social inclusion’. To promote Elizabeth’s mental health I will need to assess her needs. ‘A need is a problem or barrier that makes people or communities less healthy than they can be.. or interferes with optimum health’ Bradshaw (1972). The nursing care begins with a comprehensive, systematic and accurate assessment. (Shives 2005). It would be vital to gain as much information as possible from Elizabeth and any other relevant sources in order to evaluate Elizabeth needs. (Barker 2003) state’s ‘collections of relevant information.. contributes to an overall evaluation’. This information would assist me in formulating a psycho-educational package. I prioritised her needs in identifying and implementing care using Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time framed’. (SMART) model DOH (2001). I introduced myself to Elizabeth as her Nurse. It is important to establish a therapeutic and understanding relationship with Elizabeth in order for recovery to take place. This can be achieved through communication. Communication is the key to gaining trust in any relationship. The DOH highlighted ‘Communication is a fundamental aspect of any relationship’. (DOH 1994). The assessment interview was conducted in an isolated room to avoid distractions that may threaten confidentiality and interfere with the effective listening, privacy and dignity of the client, (NMC 2008). I explained to Elizabeth that any information gathered from her would be shared with other health care professionals involved in her care without breaching her confidentiality in compliance to the (NMC 2008) and the (Caldicott Report 1997) unless it was required by the law. Elizabeth’s response was very responsible saying she understood and was willing to co-operate. I continued to engage with Elizabeth using my interpersonal skills; listening, attentiveness, assertiveness, humour, self disclosure and my body language, (Riley 2008). Without these skills I would not have been able to attain the information required to understand her difficulties and formulating sessions. During our initial session, Elizabeth was very open with me about her cannabis use and personal life. Elizabeth explained how cannabis had changed her and destroyed her marriage. Elizabeth expressed her desire of detoxification, to stay clean and to gain employment. Elizabeth explained how her cannabis use had started off in her young teens where smoking cannabis was seen as ‘being cool’. Elizabeth also explained that it had started to affect her mentally in her late 20’s. I assured Elizabeth that her detoxification would be a tough process for her but as a Nurse I will support her. According to Murray et al (2004) ‘Cannabis use alone does not cause psychosis, but it is one of the things that may contribute to its development; therefore, using cannabis increases the risk. Alongside this drugs.. cause a massive surge of dopamine to be released and this extra dopamine leads to the sensation of pleasure, (Creek and Lougher 2008). This contributes to Elizabeth’s low mood since dopamine receptor sites have been either reduced or shut down. Elizabeth and I both agreed to use Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to correct distorted conceptualizations and dysfunctional beliefs underlying her illness. CBT is the only psychological treatment in chronic psychosis with proven durability at short-term follow-up (Gould et al, 2001). Cognitive behavior therapy takes into account not only the symptoms of the illness but also the impact the illness on the individual such as isolation from family and friends, damage to social and working relationships, depression and increased risk of self harm. I discussed CBT in depth with Elizabeth and allowed her to have literature on the subject which she could refer to in her own time. Elizabeth was experiencing hallucinations, I explained how reality testing worked and belief modification. ‘Milton et al. (1987) suggested that belief modification and reality testing are effective strategies in reducing the conviction associated with delusional beliefs. This involves helping clients to question the evidence underlying their beliefs and to set up behavioural experiments to test the reality of the evidence for their beliefs (Chadwick amp; Lowe, 1990). Elizabeth was willing to use CBT and later realised the voices were not real. Alongside this with all the information gathered Elizabeth was prepared to assume the role of a self-therapist, (Williams, 2004). During the next weeks of Elizabeth’s treatment I was able to continue my assessment. Elizabeth portrayed irritability, self neglect, poor concentration, agitation and lack of sleep. Elizabeth’s symptoms continued and she also expressed thoughts about staff, which were out to hurt her and hated her. I reassured Elizabeth that her thoughts were not reality using CBT reality testing. I also asked her to ask the staff she accused whether they expressed these thoughts about her. Although this was difficult as Elizabeth’s symptoms grew she became adamant that they hated her. It takes time to change and many individuals like Elizabeth, no matter what the change, are not successful on their first attempt stated by Prochaska and Di Climente (1998). My interaction with Elizabeth was positive, through me engaging her in decision making and allowing her to be involved in her care, this allowed us to build a therapeutic relationship. Elizabeth was able to open up to me and share her feelings with me, she expressed how important it was for her detoxify and to rebuild her life. Elizabeth began to show some insight into her illness in the second session. Elizabeth realised her problematic behaviour and expressed a desire to change. I used motivation enhancement therapy encouraging her desire to change. Elizabeth was a voluntary patient in the hospital and claimed she had no desire to leave until the drug detoxification had taken place. I made positive comments regarding this and encouraged Elizabeth. Elizabeth expressed that she felt better within her mental state, I had noticed this too as she had been more engaging with myself and other staff with whom previously she didn’t. Elizabeth said she was grateful towards me and the nursing team for listening and helping her. She also felt as though she was being treated as an individual whose dignity was respected rather than drug addict in compliance with the NMC (2008). Elizabeth expressed her desire to build her life again with her family including her husband and her mother. I asked her to use this as an inspiration and to act on this thought positively. I also asked Elizabeth to elaborate on this thought; we looked at positive and negative outcomes that could happen so Elizabeth was ready to deal with them if they arose. My role as a nurse was to act as a witness and a facilitator to Elizabeth’s battles. Elizabeth expressed her desire to get involved with the groups that took place within the ward with the Occupational Therapist. I encouraged her to join the groups and pointed out there was a gardening group who worked on the hospital garden. I remember from an earlier session that Elizabeth had expressed a passion for gardening. Elizabeth agreed to attend the group, she later expressed that she had made friends with a lady from another ward in the group. This was promoting her mental health and also boosting her social skills. Elizabeth’s food intake was poor; she claimed she did not like the hospital food and that it made her feel sick. I discussed with the multi disciplinary team and we agreed to commence sessions with the Occupational Therapist with whom she was already working with to start cooking sessions. This would allow the O. T to assess Elizabeth’s skills and to assist her with activities of daily living. Alongside this Elizabeth would be able to cook, prepare and eat the foods she liked. This would boost Elizabeth’s confidence and avoid relapse. Relapse prevention is a self management programme designed to enhance the maintenance phase in the model of change, Miller and Rollnick (2002). It can be defined as a wide range of strategies to prevent relapse in the field of addictive behaviour with the emphasis on self management and the techniques and strategies aimed at enhancing maintenance of habit of change, (Creek and Lougher 2008). Through motivational interview, Elizabeth recovered some of her coping strategies in situations that could lead to relapse. Researchers have shown that the people who are aware of potential relapse situations and use specific strategies can effectively reduce the risk of relapse. (Kirby et al 1995). Elizabeth’s mental health and well being was also promoted using the Humanistic approach. Humanism emphasises the study of the whole person (Aanstoos et al 2000). This concentrates on Elizabeth’s behaviour from her point of view and allows Elizabeth to analysis her behaviour. This also promotes empathy. However it is unarguable whether Elizabeth’s behaviour is connected to her inner feelings and self image, (Clay 2002). Using open questions with Elizabeth, unstructured interviews and diary accounts, allows Elizabeth to have insight into her illness and promote her mental health and well being. The humanistic approach offers new set’s of values for approaching an understanding of human nature and their condition. This offers expanded horizons of methods of inquiry in the study of human behaviour and needs. The information gathered from Elizabeth from using the humanism approach gave insight and more holistic information in her problems; she was also involved in making decisions to meet her needs and kept a diary account to see if she was meeting these needs. The humanism approach helped Elizabeth’s mental health and well being as suggested by Maslow’s hierarchy of need as the baseline (Maslow 1954). The final session between me and Elizabeth was on motivation. Motivational strategies are used to increase commitment to change and boost motivation. It is a relatively simple, transparent and supportive talk therapy based on the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy, (Bundy 2004). A great deal of commitment and effort is required by me and Elizabeth in CBT. It is important for the Elizabeth to give me feedback, both positive and negative, at each session. This allows me to alter the speed, style, and content of future sessions in order to meet the specific needs of Elizabeth. Motivational interviewing assisted Elizabeth in identifying and measuring her emotional reactions to problems she has faced, to also identify how her thoughts and feelings interact to produce the patterns in behaviour and to challenge this thought process. Alongside this i had to fully utilize my listening skills to ensure engagement between me and Elizabeth. This gave Elizabeth the opportunity to express herself and feel valued with my attention. I also expressed empathy by using eye contact that made her feel comfortable with myself. I used phrases like ’I understand’ and ‘I can see you feel strongly about that’ as suggested by Riley (2008). I also waited until Elizabeth had finished what she was saying, avoiding interruption allowed Elizabeth to continue with what she was saying. The National Services Framework (DOH 1999) Standard one states ‘Individuals who misuse alcohol or drugs are at a significantly increased risk of suicide’. The standard one puts mental health promotion as their main goal. Individuals like Elizabeth have stigma attached to them because of the discrimination and social exclusion they face. In order to tackle this, educating the public on mental and drug and alcohol related issues would gain mental health promotion. The NSF standard one allows opportunities for promotion in mental health such as employment, housing, education, benefits to reduce discrimination against individuals with mental health problems. Mental Health prevention is important in psychiatric nursing care. (Caplan 1964). Promotion of mental health is divided into three levels. 1. Primary – lowering mental disorders or reducing the rate at which new cases of disorders occur. By using Motivational Interviewing Elizabeth was able to understand her thought process which was linked to her behaviour, thus reducing the rate at which the incidences of mental disorders occur. 2. Secondary prevention would involve reducing the prevalence of mental disorder by reducing the number of existing cases. This involves finding, screening and effective treatments. By Elizabeth committing herself to treatment and detoxification, has allowed us to treat her and reduce the number of existing cases. 3. Tertiary prevention allows activities to reduce the severity of mental disorders and associated disability through rehabilitative activities. Elizabeth found Gardening relaxed her mental state and reduced the severity of her mental disorder. Elizabeth showed determination and improvement with her treatment. This allowed me and the multidisciplinary team to start working with her for her life after discharge. Employment opportunities and help with housing will be in place for Elizabeth’s discharge. This plan allows Elizabeth to see discharge and abstinence from drugs as a reality. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse have published many documents to assist with recovery from substance misuse. The NTA works in partnership with national, regional and local agencies to develop standards for treatment and that there are local accessible services to support drug users. The ‘Making it Happen’ (DOH 2001) document states that mental health promotion helps to improve physical health, enhance social inclusion and participation. By assisting Elizabeth through her treatment, allowed Elizabeth to become part of the society again. By reducing the stigma and discrimination associated with mental health problems. This strengthens the capacity of communities to support social inclusion. Elizabeth was able to follow the treatment programme designed for her to allow her to recover from drugs and to stay abstinence from them. However it is vital for Elizabeth to continue this treatment whilst in the community to promote recovery and avoid relapse. I discussed with Elizabeth possible triggers that may trigger a relapse or become weak. Elizabeth shared with me that her brother was also a cannabis user. I expressed that Elizabeth could educate her brother with the knowledge she now shared about the drug and the problems it poses. I also advised Elizabeth to advise her brother on the help she received from her local Drug and Alcohol team. This may help her brother to seek help for his own addiction and allow Elizabeth not to be influenced by her brother. I was impressed by Elizabeth’s determination she had shown me throughout her treatment and her consistency of hard work. I advised Elizabeth to join a local support group to remove the stigma on drug users, to boost her confidence within her community and to socialize. In order for this mental health promotion to be a success ongoing assessment of Elizabeth was necessary. This allowed Elizabeth to become engaged with the interventions proposed and to express her own concerns. Although Elizabeth’s behaviour was monitored Elizabeth felt able to approach me and express that she had noticed changed in her behaviour via using the motivational interviewing skills, the demonstration of care and concern by the nursing team and her desire to achieve her goal of regaining relationships with her family. The package that was created for Elizabeth allowed her to promote her health and well being in many ways, building her confidence with the nursing team, allowing her to socialize with other patients from other wards in her Occupational Therapy groups/activities, building her knowledge on her treatment allowing her to be in control and to make decisions. Elizabeth was able to analyze her behaviour through keeping a diary. Elizabeth was able to advise other patients through her experience of the detoxification. Elizabeth turned into a confident young woman allowing her to build her broken life into success with her family and gaining voluntary employment with her local Drug and Alcohol team where she advised drug users on the experience of her detoxification programme.